{"id":22319,"date":"2021-12-26T16:14:51","date_gmt":"2021-12-26T16:14:51","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.investgreece.gr\/?p=22319"},"modified":"2022-02-16T13:34:00","modified_gmt":"2022-02-16T13:34:00","slug":"yunanistan-hakkinda-genel-bilgi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.investgreece.gr\/index.php\/2021\/12\/26\/yunanistan-hakkinda-genel-bilgi\/","title":{"rendered":"Yunanistan Hakk\u0131nda Genel Bilgi"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Yunanistan (\u0395\u03bb\u03bb\u03ac\u03b4\u03b1, Hellada veya Hellas), resmi ad\u0131yla the Hellenic Republic (\u0395\u03bb\u03bb\u03b7\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u0394\u03b7\u03bc\u03bf\u03ba\u03c1\u03b1\u03c4\u03af\u03b1, Elliniki Dimokratia) Parlamenter Cumhuriyet \u015fekliyle y\u00f6netilir.  G\u00fcneydo\u011fu Avrupa’da bulunan bir \u00fclkedir. en b\u00fcy\u00fck \u015fehri ve ba\u015fkenti Atina’d\u0131r. Cumhurba\u015fkan\u0131 her 5 y\u0131lda bir parlamento taraf\u0131ndan se\u00e7ilir. Ba\u015fbakan h\u00fck\u00fcmetin ba\u015fkan\u0131d\u0131r.  Ba\u015fbakan, bakanlar, ba\u015fbakan yard\u0131mc\u0131lar\u0131, devlet bakanlar\u0131ndan olu\u015fan bakanlar kurulu, Yunan H\u00fck\u00fcmeti\u2019nin karar mekanizmas\u0131n\u0131 olu\u015fturan yap\u0131d\u0131r. Yetkilerin \u00e7o\u011funun h\u00fck\u00fcmette olmas\u0131na ve Cumhurba\u015fkan\u0131n\u0131n s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131 siyasi g\u00fcc\u00fc bulunmas\u0131na ra\u011fmen, sorumluluklar\u0131 aras\u0131ndan ba\u015fbakanla resmi g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fmeler  yapmak ve ba\u015fbakan\u0131n \u00f6nerisiyle h\u00fck\u00fcmetin di\u011fer \u00fcyelerine g\u00f6rev tayin etmek ya da g\u00f6revden almak, devleti di\u011fer devletlerle olan ili\u015fkilerinde temsil etmek,  referandum \u00e7a\u011fr\u0131s\u0131 yapmak gibi g\u00f6revler bulunur. Meclisin erken se\u00e7ime gitmesini do\u011furan haller d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda, ola\u011fan genel se\u00e7imler her d\u00f6rt y\u0131lda bir yap\u0131l\u0131r. 18 ya\u015f ve \u00fcst\u00fc her vatanda\u015f oy kullanabilir. Yeni se\u00e7ilen h\u00fck\u00fcmet, genel se\u00e7imlerden ya da bir \u00f6nceki h\u00fck\u00fcmetin da\u011f\u0131lmas\u0131ndan sonra mecliste g\u00fcvenoyu almak zorundad\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Yunanistan Parlamentosu, parlamentonun se\u00e7ilmi\u015f \u00fcyeleri taraf\u0131ndan vatanda\u015flar\u0131 temsil eden ve temel yetkisi yasalar\u0131 haz\u0131rlamak ile h\u00fck\u00fcmeti  kontrol etmek olan en y\u00fcksek demokratik kurumdur. 300 milletvekilinden olu\u015fur ve oy verme yetkisi bulunan vatanda\u015flar taraf\u0131ndan direkt, evrensel normlara dayal\u0131, gizli ve ayn\u0131 anda yer alan oylama ile d\u00f6rt y\u0131ll\u0131k bir s\u00fcre i\u00e7in se\u00e7ilir. Parlamento, meclis ba\u015fkan\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan y\u00f6netilir. Devlet, anayasa taraf\u0131ndan bi\u00e7im al\u0131r. Yunanistan Anayasas\u0131, devletin ana \u015femas\u0131d\u0131r ve 5. D\u00fczenleme Kurulu taraf\u0131ndan 1975 y\u0131l\u0131nda oylanm\u0131\u015f ve uygulanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. 1986, 2001 ve 2008\u2019de Yunan Parlamentosu taraf\u0131ndan de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fe u\u011fram\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Devletin yap\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 olu\u015fturan temel kurallar\u0131, yetkinin otoriteler taraf\u0131ndan uygulan\u0131\u015f bi\u00e7imini ve insan haklar\u0131na dair kanunlar\u0131 i\u00e7erir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Co\u011frafi Konum<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Avrupa, Asya ve Afrika k\u0131talar\u0131n\u0131n kesi\u015fimin de konumlanan Yunanistan, Balkan Yar\u0131madas\u0131’n\u0131n g\u00fcney ucunda yer al\u0131r. Kuzeybat\u0131s\u0131nda Arnavutluk, kuzeyinde Kuzey Makedonya ve Bulgaristan, kuzeydo\u011fusunda T\u00fcrkiye, do\u011fusunda Ege Denizi, bat\u0131s\u0131nda \u0130yon Denizi, g\u00fcneyinde Girit Denizi ve Akdeniz ile s\u0131n\u0131rlanan Yunanistan, Avrupa, Asya ve Afrika’n\u0131n kav\u015fa\u011f\u0131nda stratejik bir konumda yer almaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

N\u00fcfusu<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

N\u00fcfusu 2021 itibariyle yakla\u015f\u0131k 10,7 milyon olan \u00fclkenin en yo\u011fun n\u00fcfusa sahip olan, en b\u00fcy\u00fck ve ba\u015fkent olan Atina\u2019dir. 2.ci Selanik 3.cu Patra 4.cu Girit . \u00fcstelik n\u00fcfusun  %49,2\u2019si erkek geri kalan %50,8\u2019lik b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc ise kad\u0131nd\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bayrak<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Yunanistan ulusal bayra\u011f\u0131, 4 beyaz ve 5 mavi yatay \u00e7izgiden ve sol \u00fcst k\u00f6\u015fede yer alan beyaz ha\u00e7tan olu\u015fur. Mavi ve beyaz, Yunanistan\u2019\u0131n milli renkleridir ve mavi, g\u00f6ky\u00fcz\u00fcn\u00fc ve denizi ; beyaz ise Yunan ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131k m\u00fccadelesinin safl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 sembolize eder. Ha\u00e7 sembol\u00fc Hristiyanl\u0131k dinini temsil eder. Mavi ve beyaz olmak \u00fczere toplamda 9 yatay \u00e7izgi, Yunan slogan\u0131 Eleftheria i Thanatos\u2019 u (\u00d6zg\u00fcrl\u00fck ya da \u00d6l\u00fcm) olu\u015fturan kelimelerin toplam hece say\u0131s\u0131ndan gelmektedir. Bir di\u011fer rivayete g\u00f6re de 9 yatay \u00e7izginin Osmanl\u0131\u2019dan ald\u0131klar\u0131 9 b\u00f6lgeyi temsil ediyor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Din<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Yunanistan’da n\u00fcfusun %98\u2019i Yunan Ortodoks inanc\u0131na mensuptur (Yunan Ortodoks %98, M\u00fcsl\u00fcman %1.3, di\u011fer %0.7). Din \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc Anayasa taraf\u0131ndan garanti alt\u0131na al\u0131nm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r ve M\u00fcsl\u00fcman, Katolik, Protestan ve Museviler gibi di\u011fer dini gruplar kendi ibadethanelerine sahiptir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Para Birimi<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Yunanistan’\u0131n eski para birimi olan Drahmi 2002 y\u0131l\u0131nda tedav\u00fclden kald\u0131r\u0131larak yerini Avupa Birli\u011fi’nin ortak para birimi olan euro’ya (\u20ac) b\u0131rakm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Avrupa Birli\u011fi \u00fcyesi olan Yunanistan’da art\u0131k eski para birimi olan Drahmi de\u011fil Euro (\u20ac) kullan\u0131lmaktd\u0131r. Yunanca’da \u0395\u03c5\u03c1\u03ce olarak yaz\u0131l\u0131r ve Evro olarak telaffuz edilir. “Cent” ise “\u039b\u03b5\u03c0\u03c4\u03ac” olarak yaz\u0131l\u0131r ve “lepta” olarak telaffuz edilir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Resmi Dil<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Yunanistan’\u0131n resmi dili Yunanca\u2019 d\u0131r. Hint-Avrupa dil ailesine ba\u011fl\u0131 olan Hellenic  dilleri olarakta bilinir. \u00c7o\u011fu s\u0131n\u0131fland\u0131rmada yaln\u0131zca Yunancay\u0131 kapsamaktad\u0131r. \u00c7a\u011fda\u015f Yunanca, 3.000 y\u0131ldan fazla bir zaman \u00f6nce Homer ve tan\u0131nm\u0131\u015f di\u011fer Yunan \u015fair ve yazarlar\u0131n da eserlerinde kulland\u0131klar\u0131 ayn\u0131 leh\u00e7eden t\u00fcremi\u015ftir. \u0130ncil\u2019in (Yeni Antla\u015fma) de yaz\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 dil olan Yunanca, b\u00fct\u00fcn bat\u0131 dillerine b\u00fcy\u00fck bir katk\u0131da bulunmu\u015ftur. Konu\u015fulan en eski dillerden biri olarak kabul edilir. Binlerce \u0130ngilizce kelime Yunan dilinden gelir. Bunlar\u0131n baz\u0131lar\u0131 direkt Yunancadan \u0130ngilizceye ge\u00e7mi\u015f, baz\u0131lar\u0131 ise \u00f6nce Latinceye adapte edilmi\u015f, daha sonra \u0130ngilizceye ge\u00e7mi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ulusal Mar\u015f<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

1823 y\u0131l\u0131nda Dinoysios Solomos taraf\u0131ndan yaz\u0131lm\u0131\u015f ve 158 d\u00f6rtl\u00fckten olu\u015fan bir \u015fiirdir. 1865 y\u0131l\u0131nda Nikolaos Mantzaros taraf\u0131ndan bestelenmi\u015ftir. \u201c\u00d6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011fe \u00d6vg\u00fc\u201d olan  metnin uzunlu\u011fu a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan d\u00fcnyadaki en uzun milli mar\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ulusal Amblemi<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0130lk Yunan ulusal amblemi 1 Ocak 1822\u2019de Epidaurus Anayasas\u0131 ile tan\u0131mlanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Yunanistan Cumhuriyeti\u2019nin ulusal ambleminin renkleri mavi ve beyazd\u0131r. Ayrica armas\u0131 olarak da bilinen Yunanistan ulusal amblemi iki defne dal\u0131 ile tamamen \u00e7evrelenmi\u015f olan mavi bir arma ve beyaz ha\u00e7tan olu\u015fur.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

B\u00f6lgeler<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Yunanistan toplam 13 idari b\u00f6lge ve 1 \u00f6zerk b\u00f6lgeden (Aynoroz) olu\u015fmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

1.            Do\u011fu Makedonya ve Trakya<\/p>\n\n\n\n

2.            Orta Makedonya<\/p>\n\n\n\n

3.            Bat\u0131 Makedonya<\/p>\n\n\n\n

4.            Epir<\/p>\n\n\n\n

5.            Theselya<\/p>\n\n\n\n

6.            Orta Yunanistan<\/p>\n\n\n\n

7.            Bat\u0131 Yunanistan<\/p>\n\n\n\n

8.            \u0130yonya Adalar\u0131<\/p>\n\n\n\n

9.            Mora<\/p>\n\n\n\n

10.          Attiki<\/p>\n\n\n\n

11.          Kuzey Ege adalar\u0131<\/p>\n\n\n\n

12.          G\u00fcney Ege adalar\u0131<\/p>\n\n\n\n

13.          Girit<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bat\u0131s\u0131nda \u0130yon Denizi, g\u00fcneyinde Akdeniz, do\u011fusunda ise Ege Denizi ile \u00e7evrili olan Yunanistan\u2019\u0131n y\u00fcz\u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcm\u00fc 131.957 km2\u2019dir. Bu alan\u0131n yakla\u015f\u0131k %20\u2019si adalardan olu\u015fmaktad\u0131r. Bu adalardan 117’sinde yerle\u015fim olup, sadece 78’inde 100 ki\u015fiden fazla insan ya\u015famaktad\u0131r. Yunanistan’\u0131n en b\u00fcy\u00fck adas\u0131 Girit’tir. Yunanistan’\u0131n ikinci b\u00fcy\u00fck \u015fehri bir milyon n\u00fcfusuyla Yunanistan\u2019\u0131n kuzeyinde yer al\u0131p, \u00f6nemli bir liman \u015fehri, k\u00fclt\u00fcrel odak noktas\u0131 ve b\u00f6lgesel i\u015f merkezi olan Thessaloniki (Selanik)\u2019dir. Yunanistan\u2019\u0131n ba\u015fl\u0131ca liman \u015fehri olan Piraeus dahil olmak \u00fczere Yunanistan’\u0131n di\u011fer b\u00fcy\u00fck \u015fehirler, Patras, Volos, Larissa ve Girit adas\u0131ndaki Iraklion\u2019dur. \u00dclke n\u00fcfusunun %60\u2019\u0131ndan fazlas\u0131 \u015fehirlerde ya\u015famaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u015eehirler Haritas\u0131<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Yunanistan 13 idari b\u00f6lgeye ve 74 il yada  b\u00f6lgeye  ayr\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu ille, Yunanistan’\u0131n 13 b\u00f6lgesinin b\u00f6l\u00fcmlendirilmesiyle olu\u015fur ve  kendi i\u00e7erinde belediyelere ayr\u0131lm\u0131\u015flard\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Buna g\u00f6re Yunanistan’\u0131n 74 \u015fehri \u015funlard\u0131r:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2022             Atina<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2022             E\u011friboz<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2022             Evrytania<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2022             Fokida<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2022             Phthiotis<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2022             Boeotia<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2022             Halkidiki <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2022             \u0130mathia<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2022             Kilkis<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2022             Pella<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2022             Pieria<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2022             Serez<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2022             Selanik<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2022             Hanya<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2022             Kandiye<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2022             Lassithi<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2022             Retimnon<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2022             Drama<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2022             Evros<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2022             Kavala<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2022             Rodopi<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2022             \u0130ske\u00e7e<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2022             Arta<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2022             Yanya<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2022             Preveze<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2022             Thesprotia<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2022             Oniki Adalar<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2022             Karditsa<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2022             Larissa<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2022             Magnissia<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2022             Trikala<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2022             Achaea<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2022             Aetolia-Acarnania<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2022             Elis<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2022             Florina<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2022             Grevena<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2022             Kastoria<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2022             Kozani<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Adalar<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Yunanistan adalar\u0131 Ege, \u0130yonya ve Girit Denizi\u2019nde bulunur. Yunanistan’da toplam 6000 ada ve adac\u0131k bulunmaktad\u0131r. Bu adalar\u0131n yaln\u0131zca  227 tanesinde yerle\u015fim bulunmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

1) Ege Denizi’nde Evia ve Sporades adalar\u0131: Alonissos, Skopelos, Skiathos ve Skyros.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

2) Kuzey Ege\u2019de \u0130karya, Midilli, Samos, Limni, Semadirek ve Sisam ile Psara ve Agios Efstratios gibi adalar<\/p>\n\n\n\n

3) G\u00fcneydo\u011fu Ege’de Oniki adalar: Patmos, Lipsi, Leros, Kalimnos, Symi, Nisiros, Tilos, Astypalea, Rodos, Karpathos, Kastelorizo, Halki ve Fourni, Agathonissos vb.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

4) Orta Ege\u2019de Kiklad adalar\u0131: Andros, Tinos, Syros, Mykonos, Paros, Naxos, Ios, Santorini, Anafi, Folegandros, Sifnos, Serifos, Mylos, Kythnos, Kea ve bir\u00e7ok k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck ada.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

5) Kiklad adalar\u0131n\u0131n g\u00fcneyinde Yunanistan\u2019\u0131n en b\u00fcy\u00fck adas\u0131 Girit ve Girit’in g\u00fcneyinde Yunanistan’\u0131n en g\u00fcneyindeki k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck Gavdos adas\u0131 bulunur.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

6) Saronik K\u00f6rfezi ve Argolik K\u00f6rfezi\u2019nde Saronik adalar\u0131 bulunur: Salamina, Aegina, Agistri, Poros, Hydra ve Spetses. Peloponnese’nin (Mora) g\u00fcneyinde ait Kythira ve Antikythira adalar\u0131 yer al\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

7) \u0130yonya’da Korfu, Lefkada, Ithaca, Paxos, Kefalonia ve Zakynthos vard\u0131r.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Yunanistan (\u0395\u03bb\u03bb\u03ac\u03b4\u03b1, Hellada veya Hellas), resmi ad\u0131yla the Hellenic Republic (\u0395\u03bb\u03bb\u03b7\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u0394\u03b7\u03bc\u03bf\u03ba\u03c1\u03b1\u03c4\u03af\u03b1, Elliniki Dimokratia) Parlamenter Cumhuriyet \u015fekliyle y\u00f6netilir.  G\u00fcneydo\u011fu Avrupa’da bulunan bir \u00fclkedir. en b\u00fcy\u00fck \u015fehri ve ba\u015fkenti Atina’d\u0131r. Cumhurba\u015fkan\u0131 her 5 y\u0131lda bir parlamento taraf\u0131ndan se\u00e7ilir. Ba\u015fbakan h\u00fck\u00fcmetin ba\u015fkan\u0131d\u0131r.  Ba\u015fbakan, bakanlar, ba\u015fbakan yard\u0131mc\u0131lar\u0131, devlet bakanlar\u0131ndan olu\u015fan bakanlar kurulu, Yunan H\u00fck\u00fcmeti\u2019nin karar mekanizmas\u0131n\u0131 olu\u015fturan yap\u0131d\u0131r….<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":23714,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[35],"tags":[1280,1281,1284,1279,1283,1282],"class_list":["post-22319","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-atina-rehberi","tag-yunan-bayragi","tag-yunan-marsi","tag-yunanistan-bolgeleri","tag-yunanistan-hakkinda-genel-bilgi","tag-yunanistan-nufusu","tag-yunanistan-para-birimi"],"yoast_head":"\nYunanistan Hakk\u0131nda Genel Bilgi - Invest Greece Yunanistan Emlak<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.investgreece.gr\/index.php\/2021\/12\/26\/yunanistan-hakkinda-genel-bilgi\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"tr_TR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Yunanistan Hakk\u0131nda Genel Bilgi - Invest Greece Yunanistan Emlak\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Yunanistan (\u0395\u03bb\u03bb\u03ac\u03b4\u03b1, Hellada veya Hellas), resmi ad\u0131yla the Hellenic Republic (\u0395\u03bb\u03bb\u03b7\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u0394\u03b7\u03bc\u03bf\u03ba\u03c1\u03b1\u03c4\u03af\u03b1, Elliniki Dimokratia) Parlamenter Cumhuriyet \u015fekliyle y\u00f6netilir.  G\u00fcneydo\u011fu Avrupa’da bulunan bir \u00fclkedir. en b\u00fcy\u00fck \u015fehri ve ba\u015fkenti Atina’d\u0131r. Cumhurba\u015fkan\u0131 her 5 y\u0131lda bir parlamento taraf\u0131ndan se\u00e7ilir. 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